Casa Grande Ruins National Monument

Understand

Casa Grande Ruins National Monument preserves an ancient Hohokam farming community and Great House. The ruins is of multiple structures surrounded by a compound wall constructed by the ancient people of the Hohokam period, who farmed the Gila Valley in the early 13th century.

The monument, just north of the town of Coolidge, is very small, only about 3/4 of a square mile (1.2 km2).

The monument is open every day of the year from 9AM-5PM (October 1st - April 30th), and 9AM-4PM (May 1st - September 30th) except Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and Independence Day.

History

The Hohokam were a nation that lived in the south-central region of Arizona. Their community was centered around large adobe structures. For unknown reasons, the Hohokam abandoned their structures and left the region around 1450 CE.

The first written records of Casa Grade occurred in 1694. With the advent of train travel, more people began to visit the site between the 1860s and 1880s. During this period, souvenir hunting, graffiti, and vandalism took its toll on the site leading to the creation of the archaeological reserve. In 1892, Casa Grande Ruins was the designated as the first archaeological reserve in the United States. It was declared a National Monument in 1918.

To protect the structure from the elements, a wood-and-corrugated-iron shelter was built over it in 1903. In 1932, the Civilian Conservation Corps constructed a more substantial steel shelter over the structure, which is still in use today.

Landscape

The monument lies within the Sonoran Desert but is surrounded by agricultural fields. Within the boundaries of the monument, natural desert terrain is maintained and is pretty much flat land.

Flora and fauna

Mammals such as the javelina, coyote, Mexican Wolf, bighorn sheep, and bobcat live in this area of the desert. Other animals like the bat, fox, skunk, cottontail, and jackrabbit also make this their home.

Climate

Casa Grande Ruins is in the desert. Summer daytime temperatures frequently exceed 100°F. Winter temperatures range from the 60s to the 80s. Spring and fall are warm and dry, with highs in the 80s and 90s. During summer months, be prepared for hot temperatures. Protective clothing, hats, sunscreen and personal water containers are highly recommended.

Visitor information

• Park website

Get in

By car

The monument is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Interstate 10 and the city of Casa Grande. From I-10, take exit 194 and head east on Arizona State Route 287 (AZ 287) for 10 mi (16 km) to AZ 87. Turn left (north) on AZ 87 for 8 mi (13 km), turning left (west) into the monument. The monument is about a one-hour drive from either Phoenix or Tucson.

Fees and permits

Entrance is free for Casa Grande Ruins National Monument is free! (as of 2022).

School groups may apply for an Educational Fee waiver, which must be approved prior to the visit. Please call ahead.

Get around

As this monument is so small, foot travel is sufficient to experience the entire site.

Go next

Explore the immediate vicinity, south of metro Phoenix: Coolidge, Casa Grande and Maricopa.

Or go south to Picacho and Picacho Peak State Park for some hiking, or continue towards Tucson, the Old Pueblo.

Or go north to metro Phoenix and the Valley of the Sun.